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Adaptability is in an important term and no different when it comes to farming and ranching. Adjusting to environmental and industry changes can be a key point to the success of your farming or ranching business. Adjusting your business strategies does have to start with a plan, however. To create a plan, you ‘gotta know what you got.’ Range management is an integral part of success when it comes to grasslands. You must have a plan and be willing to adapt your plan based on a multitude of different factors. Range management comes with 5 major principles: Adaptive Management, Grazing plans, Ecosystem Biodiversity, Residual Forage and Climate Readiness. Adaptive Management includes the ability to adjust to environmental and industry changes and continuously monitoring changes, adjusting as necessary. The cycle of adaptive management includes 4 parts: the plan, implementation of the plan, evaluation of the strategies, and adjustments if planned strategies did not receive the expected outcome. By following this cycle of adaptive management, producers can execute management decisions and increase their operation’s flexibility. A grazing plan is a guide to follow throughout the grazing season to maintain properly grazed rangelands. Your grazing plan should include at least these few basic thoughts: graze at the right time, for the correct amount of time, with the appropriate stocking rate and allow for an adequate recovery period. Promoting a native plant community is the goal when adjusting your grazing. An important reminder in your grazing plan is to make sure that you are not grazing the same grasslands at the same time year after year. Ecosystem biodiversity is the 3rd principle of range management. Rangeland diversity helps keep all parts of the ecosystem functioning and intact, leading to a diverse animal community both above and below ground. Benefits of ecosystem diversity include both resistance and resilience against external factors. A biodiverse ecosystem can provide numerous ecosystem services including water and nutrient cycling and air filtration, ultimately providing water, food, hunting and fishing services, and even carbon capture. Residual forage, also known as ‘residue’ or ‘litter’ is critical for the rangeland ecosystem because it helps to protect from water and wind erosion, promotes infiltration of rainfall while reducing the risk of evaporation, helps maintain soil temperature, increases nutrients and organic matter in the soil and helps sequester carbon dioxide in the soil. Adequate live plant residue is vital after grazing to ensure plants regrow between periods of grazing. Climate readiness is the 5th principle of range management and should be a part of your whole plan. Your operation needs to be ready to deviate from the plan in the event of a ‘what-if’ scenario occuring. Many of these events, like drought, a major winter storm, or fire are not an ‘if’ issue, but a ‘when’ issue and being prepared to adjust your plan can help your business remain successful. Knowing where to start with your plan is determined by what you have. This is where the phrase ‘you gotta know what you got’ comes in. Knowing your starting point determines how to move forward. The Ipswich Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) field office and the Edmunds County Conservation District can provide you with a wealth of knowledge to help you identify ‘what you’ve got’ and determine what you will do to get your rangeland health where you want it to be. Many of our partners, such as the South Dakota Grassland Coalition, also provide a variety of informational workshops, like Grazing Schools, that can provide you with the knowledge needed to improve the health of your rangeland. Please contact the Edmunds County Conservation District at (605)426-6994 or the Ipswich NRCS Field Office at (605)426-6951 ext 3 for any rangeland health assistance or for more information on attending events like Grazing School.

Water serves as a crucial nutrient for livestock. Animal size, diet, productivity, and air temperature determine the quantity of water each animal will need on a regular basis. Low quality water sources can be the difference in extra pounds of gain on calves you intend to sell in the fall, ultimately affecting your operation’s bottom line. Dissolved minerals or solids (commonly called salts) are present in many livestock water sources. Solids can include carbonates and bicarbonates, sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, phosphates, and fluorides. The concentration of these solids becomes higher as the surface water dries up in the hot summer heat or during drought conditions. An increase in total dissolved solids can result in lower performance in cattle, miscarriage, blindness, central nervous system disorders and potentially death. For most livestock, total dissolved solids should be less than 5,000 parts per million (ppm). Caution should be taken at 3,000-5,000 ppm for growing animals. Sulfates are included in the total dissolved solids number, but the recommended concentration is less than 500 ppm for calves and less than 1,000 ppm for adult cattle. Blue-green algae can also flourish during the hot days of summer. Cyanobacteria, the name for blue-green algae, can be harmful to livestock and cause diarrhea, lack of coordination, labored breathing, and death. Nitrates that promote blue-green algae growth can enter your livestock water supply through fertilizer applications, decaying organic matter and other animal waste. Nitrates have a safe upper limit of 100 ppm. An easy way to monitor the quality of water sources for livestock include using a total dissolved solids meter and/or sulfate test strips. The McPherson County Conservation District, Leola NRCS office, and the McPherson County Extension office all have a total dissolved solids meters available to test water samples. For more information or to set up a time to have your water tested, please give one of them a call. A great resource for more information on the quality and safety of your livestock water sources are the Edmunds County Conservation District and Ipswich NRCS office, or Robin Salverson, a beef specialist with South Dakota State University Extension. Her contact information can be found at https://extension.sdstate.edu/about/our-experts/robin-salverson USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.

Imagine a serine landscape, where gentle bovine graze peacefully, their rhythmic munching echoing the timeless cycle of life. This idyllic scene isn't just picturesque; It is a testament to the symbiotic relationship between cows and the land they roam. Let's delve into the captivating world o cows grazing and unravel the profound impact it has on ecosystems, agriculture and our well-being. Nurturing the Land Cows are nature's gardeners, their grazing habits shaping landscapes in profound ways. As they nibble on grasses and plants, they stimulate growth and rejuvenation. Their selective grazing encourages diverse plant species to flourish, creating vibrant ecosystems rich in biodiversity. This not only benefits local flora and fauna but also enhances soil health by promoting nutrient cycling and preventing soil erosion. Sustainable Agriculture Grazing plays a pivotal role in sustainable agriculture. Pasture-based systems reduce the need for intensive feed production, minimizing the environmental footprint of livestock farming. Cows convert sunlight and grass into nourishing milk and meat, showcasing nature's efficient nutrient cycling. By integrating cows into regenerative farming practices, we can restore degraded lands, sequester carbon, and build resilient food systems. Health and Well-being The benefits of cows grazing extend beyond ecological sustainability. Research shows that pasture-raised cows produce milk and meat with higher nutritional quality, containing beneficial omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants. Access to diverse forage also improves animal welfare, allowing cows to exhibit natural behaviors and lead healthier lives. Cultivating Connection As we embrace sustainable agriculture and conservation efforts, cows grazing symbolize a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. By supporting regenerative farming, rotational razing and agroecological principles, we pave the way for a greening, more resilient future. In conclusion, cows grazing isn't just a bucolic scene, it's a dynamic force shaping landscapes, fostering sustainability, and nourishing our bodies and souls. Let's celebrate the beauty of cows roaming freely, for they are not just livestock - they are stewards of a balanced and vibrant planet.

Proper planning and attention to detail is crucial when establishing a stand of grass. Establishment requirements differ for perennial grasses compared to annual grain crops. See these five key points below to promote successful grass seeding success. Seeding dates Soil moisture and temperature are key points to pay attention to when planting grass. Cool season grasses can be planted when temperatures are cooler and day lengths are shorter. Warm season grasses need warmer temperatures and longer day in order to grow. Cool season grasses are best planted in Spring (April-May), Late Summer (July-August) or Late fall as a dormant planting (end of October or later). Warm season grasses are best planted in Late spring (mid May-late June). Late summer or late fall/dormant planting is not recommended for optimal establishment. Seedbed preparation A firm and competition free seedbed Seedbed should be firm but not too firm an adult footprint should only be slightly visible on the prepared bed prior to seeding Seed planting depth is important most species should be planted at a shallow depth of 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep larger seeds can be planted up to 1 inch deep Tilled or no-tilled seedbeds are acceptable as long as weeds are controlled weeds can be controlled with tillage and/or herbicide before or just after seeding Companion crops are typically not recommended for grass seedings due to the competition for water and light Residue can greatly affect seeding depths and soil contact residue should be harrowed to spread extra chaff and straw late summer and dormant seedings, however, are best planted into stubble Seed placement Equipment should provide proper seed depth, uniform seeding rate and good seed to soil contact Drills should be calibrated to monitor seeding rate Seed Quality Seeds should be tested for purity and germination Weed Control Competitive weeds can be controlled mechanically by clipping or chemically controlled Dense clippings should be removed from the seeded area Weeds should be controlled with herbicides before they reach 4" tall For more information, please visit the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Plant Materials Center, Bismarck, ND website at https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/plant-materials/ndpmc

In today's rapidly changing world, conservation practices play a vital role in promoting sustainability and preserving our natural resources. These practices encompass a wide range of strategies and techniques aimed at minimizing environmental impact while maximizing resource efficiency. In this article, we'll delve into some essential conservation practices across different sectors, backed by credible references to support their effectiveness. 1.Soil Conservation Healthy soil is the foundation of agriculture and ecosystem stability. Conservation practices in soil management include: Cover Cropping: planting cover crops like legumes or grasses between main crops to prevent soil erosion, improve soil structure, and enhance nutrient retention. No Till Farming: Minimizing soil disturbance by avoiding plowing, which helps retain soil moisture, reduce erosion and preserve soil structure. Crop Rotation: Alternating crops to break pest cycles, improve soil fertility, and reduce reliance on chemical inputs. 2. Water Conservation With water scarcity becoming a global concern, water conservation practices are crucial. These include: Drip Irrigation: precisely delivering water to plant roots, minimizing wastage and optimizing water use efficiency. Rainwater Harvesting: collecting and storing rainwater for various uses like irrigation, livestock and household needs, reducing reliance on groundwater. Water Recycling: Treating and reusing wastewater for non-potable purposes, conserving freshwater resources. 3. Energy Conservation Reducing energy consumption not only cuts costs but also mitigates environmental impact. Energy conservation practices involve: Efficient Lighting: Switching to LED lights, which are energy-efficient and have a longer lifespan compared to traditional bulbs. Building Insulation: improving insulation in buildings to reduce heating and cooling energy needs. 4. Wildlife Conservation Protecting biodiversity and habitats is essential for ecosystem resilience. Wildlife conservation practices include: Habitat Restoration: restoring degraded habitats to provide shelter food, and breeding sites for wildlife species. Protected Areas: Establishing and maintaining protected areas such as national parks and wildlife reserves to safeguard ecosystems and endangered species. Sustainable Hunting and Fishing: Implementing regulations and practices that ensure the sustainable harvest of wildlife and fish populations. 5. Waste Management Efficient waste management minimizes pollution and maximizes resource recovery. Key practices include: Recycling Programs: Separating and recycling materials like paper, plastic, glass and metal to reduce landfill waste. Composting: Turning organic waste into nutrient-rich compost for soil enrichment and reducing methane emissions from landfills Waste Reduction Strategies: Implementing measures to reduce packaging waste, promote reusability, and encourage responsible consumption. By adopting these conservation practices and integrating them into daily operations, individuals, business and communities can contribute significantly to environmental conservation and sustainable development. Incorporating these practices not only benefits the environment but also yields economic savings and improves overall quality of life.

Transitioning a farm or ranch to the next generation is a significant and complex process that requires careful planning and consideration. Farm transition planning involves passing on ownership, management responsibilities, and the farm's legacy to the next generation while ensuring the continuity and success of the operation. In this post, we will explore the essential steps and considerations for beginning farm transition planning. Photo credit: South Dakota NRCS Understanding Farm Transition Farm transition planning is not just about transferring assets; it is about transferring knowledge, values and a way of life. It involves preparing the farm for a seamless transfer of ownership and management from one generation to the next. Effective farm transition planning is crucial for maintaining the farm's viability, preserving family harmony, and ensuring the sustainability of agricultural operations. Key Steps in Farm Transition Planning Start EarlyOne of the most important aspects of farm transition planning is starting early. Begin the conversation about transition planning as soon as possible to allow for sufficient time to address complexities, make informed decisions, and implement strategies effectively. Define Goals and ObjectivesClearly define the goals and objectives of the farm transition. Consider factors such as who will take over the farm, timelines for transition, financial considerations, and the desired legacy of the farm. Assess Financial HealthConduct a thorough assessment of the farm's financial health. This includes evaluating assets, liabilities, cash flow, profitability, and any existing financial commitments or obligations. Develop a Succession PlanCreate a detailed succession plan that outlines how ownership and management will transition to the next generation. Identify key roles and responsibilities, decision-making processes, and mechanisms for resolving disputes or conflicts. Communicate OpenlyEffective communication is essential throughout the farm transition process. Involve all stakeholders including family members, employees, advisors and financial institutions, in discussions and decision-making. Seek Professional GuidanceConsult with legal, financial and agricultural advisors who specialize in farm transition planning. They can provide valuable insights, expertise and guidance to navigate the complexities of transition planning. Implement StrategiesImplement strategies outlined in the succession plan, such as transferring ownership through gifts, sales, or trusts, developing leadership and management skills in the next generation, and establishing contingency plans for unforeseen events. Monitor and AdjustRegularly review and monitor the progress of the farm transition plan. Be prepared to adjust strategies and plans as needed to adapt to changing circumstances, goals or objectives. Photo credit: South Dakota NRCS Conclusion Beginning farm transition planning is critical process that requires careful consideration, collaboration and foresight. By starting early, defining clear goals, involving stakeholders, and seeking professional guidance, farm families can navigate the complexities of transition planning and ensure the long term success and sustainability of their agricultural legacy. The resources and references listed below provide valuable information and guidance on farm transition planning strategies and best practices. References: American Farm Bureau Federation. "Farm Succession Planning." https://www.fb.org/lab/farm-succession-planning Farm Credit East. "Farm Transition Planning." https://farmcreaditeast.com/knowledge-exchange/Blog/todays-harvest/farm-transition-planning University of Minnesota Extension. "Farm Transition and Estate Planning." https://extension.umn.edu/succession-and-estate-planning/farm-transition-estate-planning

Planting trees is not just about digging a hole and putting in a sapling. Proper site preparation plays a pivotal role in long-term health, growth and survival of trees. This blog post delves into the importance of site preparation before planting trees, highlighting key steps and their benefits. Importance of Site Preparation: Soil Conditions: Testing soil pH, texture and nutrient levels helps determine the suitability for tree growth. Technical assistance is available at no charge to you from your local NRCS field office or your local conservation district Amending the soil with organic matter improves drainage, aeration, and nutrient availability. This ensures optimal conditions for root development. Weed Control: Clearing weeds and competing vegetation reduces competition for water, nutrients and sunlight. This allows newly planted trees to become established and grow without hindrance Water Management: Proper drainage systems and water retention techniques prevent waterlogging or drought stress. This promotes health root growth and reduces transplant shock. Spacing and Placement: Planning and marking the locations for tree planting ensures adequate spacing between trees, preventing overcrowding and competition for resources as the trees mature Consideration of factors such as wind direction and sunlight exposure optimizes tree placement for maximum growth and vitality Mulching: Applying mulch around newly planted trees conserves soil moisture, suppresses weed growth, regulates soil temperature, and adds organic matter as it decomposes, benefiting overall tree health. Root Ball Preparation Properly preparing the root ball by loosening compacted roots and pruning damaged ones encourages outward root growth, enabling trees to establish a strong root system for nutrient uptake and stability. Benefits of Site Preparation: Enhanced Growth and Survival Rates Adequate site preparation ensures favorable conditions for root establishment and nutrient uptake, leading to faster growth rates and higher survival rates of newly planted trees Reduced Maintenance Needs: Well-prepared sites require less maintenance, such as watering, fertilization and pest control, as trees are better equipped to withstand environmental stresses and diseases Long-term Health and Stability: Trees planted in properly prepared sites are healthier, more resilient to adverse conditions, and less susceptible to root diseases or structural failures, ensuring long-term stability and ecosystem benefits Conclusion: Site preparation is not a mere preliminary step but a crucial investment in the success of tree planting projects. By addressing soil conditions, weed control, water management, spacing, mulching and root ball preparation, you can significantly improve the growth, survival and overall health of trees, contributing to sustainable landscapes and biodiversity conservation. References: -Arbor Day Foundation. (n.d.). Tree Planting and Care. Retrieved from https://www.arborday.org/trees/planting -Urban Forestry South. (2020). Tree Planting: Site Selection and Preparation. Retrieved from https://urbanforestrysouth.org/resources/library/tree-planting-site-selection-and-preparation -North Carolina State University Extension. (2014). Planting Trees: Practices for Proper Planting of Trees. Retrieved from https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/planting-trees-practices-for-proper-planting-of-trees

Pollinators play a critical role in our ecosystems, yet their significance is often overlooked. From bees and butterflies to birds and bats, these diverse creatures are responsible for pollinating a vast array of plants, ensure the reproduction of numerous species and sustainability of ecosystems across the globe. The importance of pollinators and their protection is the focus for today's blog article. Pollinators are vital to creating and maintaining healthy ecosystems. Pollinators facilitate the reproduction of flowering plants, which includes many vegetables, fruits and food crops. The lack of pollinators would cause these plants to struggle to produce seeds and bear fruit, causing a reduction in plant diversity and overall ecosystem health. Pollinators are indispensable for global food security as they significantly contribute to agriculture production. The necessity of pollinators in food production is not overstated as many of the foods humans rely on depend on pollination for their growth and development. These foods include, but certainly are not limited to: apples, almonds, berries, and many more. Diversity is essential for maintaining resilient ecosystems that are capable of adaptation to environmental changes. Pollinators enable the reproduction of a wide variety of plant species, encouraging biodiversity in our ecosystems. Many plant species would be extinct or at risk for extinction with pollinators, causing a cascade of other effects to other organisms within our ecosystem. Pollinators provide a substantial benefit to our economy. Billions of dollars come through the global economy thanks to the pollinator's role in crop production and through industries such as beekeeping and ecotourism. The protection of pollinators is not just a important environmental issue, it is also an important economic issue. Pollinators face numerous threats that includes habitat loss, pesticide use, disease and changes in the global climate. Populations of pollinators have seen high declines because of these factors, which is concerning for their long-term survival. Conservation efforts are essential for safeguarding all species of pollinators. These conservation efforts in return safeguard ecosystem's biodiversity. The reduction of pesticide use, habitat preservation, sustainable agricultural practices and increasing education and awareness about the importance of pollinators are all ways that can help protect these species. Protection and conserving pollinators should be a top priority for all individuals, communities and organizations across the world. Pollinators are vital for the proper function of ecosystems, production of food, biodiversity in plants, and our economy. By working together to take actions that support pollinators, we can ensure a sustainable future for humanity and nature. NRCS is working hard to increase these conservation practices through their EQIP and CSP programs, and partners of NRCS like Pheasants Forever, Ducks Unlimited, Game Fish and Parks and many others are doing the same. Please reach out to your local field offices for more information on how you can help protect the pollinators on your land and in your neighborhood.

In the realm of sustainable agriculture, the practice of interseeding cover crops into soybean and other cash crop fields has gained significant attention. This innovative approach not only boosts soil health but also contributes to environmental conservation and crop yield optimization. Understanding Interseeding Interseeding involves the introduction of cover corps into an existing cash crop, such as soybeans, during the growing season. Unlike traditional use of cover crops, which occurs after the main crop is harvested, interseeding integrates cover crops into the field while the cash crop is still in the growth phase. The dual-cropping system approach offers a range of benefits that extend beyond the primary harvest. Benefits to Soil Health: Erosion Control: Cover crops like legumes and grasses create a protective layer on the soil, reducing erosion caused by wind and water. Preventing erosion in return prevents nutrient runoff and soil degradation. Weed Suppression: Cover crops act as a natural week suppressor, combating unwanted vegetation and minimizing need for synthetic herbicides. Enhanced Soil Structure: Root systems of cover crops contribute to improved soil structure by aggregation and aeration. Enhancement of soil aggregation and aeration allows better water infiltration and nutrient absorption. Environmental Conservation Cover crops play an important role in nutrient cycling. They absorb excess nutrients like nitrogen from the soil, preventing leaching into water bodies and minimizing environmental impact. Interseeding cover crops can create a more diverse ecosystem within the agricultural landscape. Enhancing biodiversity can attract beneficial insects and promote a healthier balance in the local environment. Yield Optimization Cover crops help regulate soil moisture by reducing evaporation, beneficial in periods of drought. This in turn creates more resilient crops. As cover crops decompose, they add organic matter to the soil, supporting a nutrient-rich environment that supports soybean growth. Implementing Interseeding Successful interseeding requires careful consideration of cover crop selection, timing and equipment. Choosing cover crops that complement soybeans and choosing the appropriate seeding rates for both crops is imperative. Specialized equipment like high-clearance interseedings can promote the process without causing damage to the soybean canopy. Cover crop interseeding is a regenerative practice that aligns with the popular 'sustainable agriculture' principles. Cover crop interseeding promotes soil health, environmental conservation and optimal yields. Innovative approaches in agriculture like this demonstrate our ability to both be productive and environmentally responsible. As interseeding becomes a more adopted practice, the positive impacts on both profitability and land health will lead the way for a more viable future in agriculture. References: Johnson, J..M.F., Archer, D.W, Weyers, S.L., Barbour, N.W., 2010. "Uptake of nitrogen from cover crop mixtures by corn and soybean." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 65 (3), 109-114. Blanco-Canqui, H., 2016. ?The nature and consequences of soil erosion in agroecosystems." Earth-Science Reviews, 154, 102-120. Mirsky, S.B., Curran, W.S., Mortensen, D.A., Ryan, M.R., Shumway, D.L., 2009. "Control of Weeds with a Rye Cover crop in a No-Till Soybean System." Weed Science, 57(6), 620-627. Teasdale, J.R., Brandsaeter, L.O., Calegari, A., Neto, M.S., 2009. "Cover Crops and Weed Management." Sustainable Agricultures Reviews, 1, 113-137. Drink water, L.E., Wagoner, P., Sarrantonio, M., 1998. "Legume-Based Cropping Systems Have Reduced Carbon and Nitrogen Leaching." Nature, 396, 262-265. Bommarco, R., Kleijn, D., Potts, S.G., 2013. "Ecological intensification: harnessing ecosystem services for food security." Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(4), 230-238. Osborne, S.L., Riedell, W.E., Schumacher, T.E., 2010. "Corn and soybean yield response to crop residue management under irrigated continuous corn." Agronomy Journal, 102 (6), 18520-1859. Wander, M.M., Traina, S.J., Stinner, B.R., Peters, S.E., 1994. "Organic and conventional management effects on biologically active soil organic matter pools.": Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58(4), 1130-1139. Kruidhof, H.M., Bastiaans, L., Kropff, M.J., 2008. "Ecological weed management by cover cropping: effects on weed growth in autumn and weed establishment in spring." Weed research, 48(6), 492-502.

It is no secret that there are trends happening in agriculture today. Trending words include: carbon sequestration, sustainable, carbon capture, carbon footprint, regenerative agriculture, etc. All of these terms can be overwhelming to the producer on the land who spends their life caring for their land and livestock. Agriculture has become a hot topic in today's climate change and carbon capture discussion. Regenerative agriculture has been at the forefront of that 'hot topic' conversation. Regenerative agriculture is aimed at restoring soils back to health, which in returns captures more carbon from the atmosphere. By completing regenerative agricultural practices producers work together with nature instead of against it. Practices like prescribed grazing, no-till planting, limited use of pesticides and fertilizer are all parts of regenerative agriculture. Although regenerative agriculture is not new, the term 'regenerative' has more recently been the term named for describing practices that have been taking place for centuries. Closely mimicking nature is the goal of those incorporating regenerative practices into their operations. Producers must take into account their ever-changing climate, resources, skills and goals in order to apply the practices that make the best sense for his or her own operation. Although there are many variables, the basic principles of nature are always relevant and finding ways to to apply them differently that makes sense for each individual operation is important. Regenerative agriculture promotes the increase of soil organic matter and biodiversity of microbes that each play their own important role. Soil that is improved with regenerative practices are more drought and flood resistant. Healthy soil is able to absorb more rainfall during drought times and is less effected by runoff during wet times. Regenerative agriculture practices also push for the decrease of chemical inputs, subsequently creating cleaner water and air. Healthy soil acts as a 'filter' when fully covered by plants and plant residues. The abundance of plants that are present in healthy soil act as 'air filters'. The healthier the soil, then the healthier the plants are, in turn creating healthier water and air. Diversity is inherent in nature as each species of wildlife can enhance the life of another. The movement away from monocultures that is encouraged in regenerative agriculture can increase the amount and variety of species of wildlife seen on an operation. Livestock and animal agriculture has taken a hit in mainstream media. However, livestock play a vital role in carbon sequestration and fighting climate variability. The U.S. has over 655 million acres of land that is used for grazing and this use can actually revitalize the land's health. By practicing rotational grazing soil health is improved. By moving livestock frequently through different pastures the exposure of the soil directly to the air is decreased, which then decreases the release of carbon by the soil. The livestock hooves aerate the soil and the manure they spread around the different pasture sites which helps return nutrients directly to the soil. The quick rotation of livestock from one pasture to another allows the plants to regrow in between grazing and establish deeper root systems. The deeper root systems then help the soil retain more water, protect from wind erosion, and help provide habitat for wildlife. If you have any questions regarding regenerative agriculture practices, or what more information on cost-share options for these practices, contact your local NRCS office today.

Are our freezing temperatures really over for the winter? Chances are: probably not. But there is a chance that your trees may have started to 'wake up' during this winter warm-up. Trees put on their 'parka' when winter is setting in and unseasonably warm temperatures can cause them to start to shed their 'winter layers'. The drastic change in temperatures that we have had this winter can trick non-native trees into thinking that spring may be here. Native trees know that the swing in temperatures are nothing new, but non-native trees may shed their 'winter parka' and be unable to put it back on again. Native trees and shrubs have long chilling requirements: usually they need 1000 to 1500 hours of temperatures between 32-40 degree Fahrenheit in order to put their 'parka' on and in return have a long thawing process as well. Non-native trees and shrubs aren't quite so lucky. It the weather does cool off again, you may notice some damage to the tips of non-native trees, which include catalpas, Norway Maple and fruit trees. There may be damage to tree buds and/or some twigs may break and fall. Fruit trees may have damage to their flowering buds. You may have ice damage from the winter as well. The best thing to do is to wait until spring to assess and fix any damage. If the tree buds feel plumb in the spring, the damage is most likely minimal, but if the twigs are still flexible in the spring then the trees need more time. Warm air temperatures can also encourage evergreen trees to release moisture back in to the atmosphere, which causes winter desiccation injury, resulting in browning needles come spring. Warm weather also thaws the soil. The thawing in the soil and the releasing of the moisture by evergreens can warrant the need to water these trees in the winter. Water requirements by these trees are minimal and watering should be limited to the younger trees where the snow has completely melted around them. Your conservation district is a great resource when it comes to determining how much damage has occurred. Reach out to them with any questions!

Credit: Oleksandr_U - Shutterstock You hear the term cover crops a lot, especially with all the NRCS and USDA climate smart programs available these days. The push for regenerative agriculture is stronger more now than ever, with carbon capture a main focus of all eyes looking at agricultural practices. A great way to increase your carbon capture is to plant cover crops over winter in your otherwise 'dormant' fields. If you have never planted cover crops before, what can it really do for your fields and for your business? In our area of the country, we have a fairly long fallow period, sometimes ranging from October to late May. During these fallow periods, especially during the winter, our dormant fields can end up with a lot of 'snirt'. 'Snirt' is the term for the combination of snow and dirt, which you get when topsoil from fields blows into the ditches where it mixes with snow. When this happens, a pile of dirt is left in the ditches after the snow melts in the spring and oftentimes the soil that ends up in the ditch is the most fertile soil from the field. According to NDSU extension's Crop and Pest Report, this lost topsoil can cost farms approximately$688.40 per acre, that adds up fast! One way to combat the issue of losing topsoil during those fallow months is to plant cover crops. Cover crops can play a major role in combating erosion and can make certain that the most fertile soil is in place for your spring planting. Soil is subject to wind and water erosion during those fallow periods and the the vigorous vegetation that grows from cover crop planting holds that topsoil in place during those brutal winds that winter can bring. Most of the values from cover crop comes from what happens below the ground, however. This vegetation creates large root systems under the surface which increase the pores and channels within the soil, reducing water runoff over the soil surface. Cover crops also offer the option of grazing. Cover crops can offer a nutrient dense, high protein option during otherwise slim forage months of the winter. This option to graze these fields can mimic mother nature and increase the positive effects that grazing produces during the warmer months. Carbon sequestration is a hot topic these days and cover crops can greatly improve your business's carbon capture capability. Cover crops 'harvest' carbon from the air with the help of sunlight using photosynthesis. Much of the waste that is excreted by plants are utilized by the multitude of microorganisms in the soil. Carbon capture creates organic matter that then becomes part of the soil,, making soils a vast 'sink' for carbon sequestration and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. Our office currently has grant dollars available to help with the cost of planting cover crops-contact us today! References: https://agspire.com/blog/2023/11/27/first-practices-implemented-under-usda-climate-smart-commodities-programs/ Author: Derek Ver Helst, Agspire